Do I Need To Re-register My Trademark Is There Is A Change In Graphic Only?

This guide explores what trademarks are, how they can benefit you and your arrangement, and why registration is important.

1. Agreement trademarks

To succeed in the concern world, yous need to send the correct bulletin and develop the right image. If people cannot option your products or services out from the oversupply, they might work with some other person or company that is easier for them to notice.

In fact, some make names that got famous in the 1920s for being reliable and high quality are still leaders today. That is because the public likes what it knows and trusts. Companies spend millions of dollars taking care of their corporate image.

A registered trademark is ane way to protect your corporate image. Registering your trademark gives yous legal title to it the way a human action gives you lot championship to a piece of existent manor.

What is a trademark? A trademark is a sign or combination of signs used or proposed to exist used past a person to distinguish their goods or services from those of others.

Over fourth dimension, trademarks come to stand up for non but the actual appurtenances or services a person or company provides, but also the reputation of the producer. Trademarks are very valuable intellectual holding.

There are several types of trademarks:

An ordinary trademark includes words, designs, tastes, textures, moving images, mode of packaging, holograms, sounds, scents, three-dimensional shapes, colours, or a combination of these used to distinguish the goods or services of ane person or organization from those of others. For case, suppose you started a courier business that you chose to phone call Dizzy-upwards. You could register these words as a trademark (if you met all the legal requirements) for the service that y'all offer.
A certification mark can be licensed to many people or companies for the purpose of showing that sure goods or services meet a defined standard. For example, the Woolmark design, endemic by Woolmark Americas Ltd., is used on wearable and other appurtenances.

People occasionally confuse trademarks with patents, copyrights, industrial designs and integrated circuit topographies. Like trademarks, these others are forms of intellectual holding. Even so, there are important differences:

Trademarks may be one or a combination of words, sounds, designs, tastes, colours, textures, scents, moving images, three-dimensional shapes, modes of packaging or holograms, used to distinguish the goods or services of 1 person or organization from those of others.
Patents encompass new and useful inventions (product, limerick, machine, procedure) or any new and useful comeback to an existing invention.
Copyright provides protection for literary, creative, dramatic or musical works (including computer programs) and other subject-matter known as performer'southward performances, audio recordings and communication signals.
Industrial designs are the visual features of shape, configuration, design or ornament, or any combination of these features applied to a finished article.
Integrated circuit topographies are the three-dimensional configurations of electronic circuits embodied in integrated circuit products or layout designs.

Merchandise name vs. trademark

A trade proper noun is the name of your business. A merchandise proper noun can be registered under the Trademarks Act but if information technology is also used as a trademark; that is, if information technology is used to identify goods or services.

For example, let u.s. suppose that you own an ice cream business and that your company is called "A.B.C. Ltd.".

Instance 1: People know your ice cream nether the proper noun "A.B.C. Ltd." considering you lot use this name as a trademark that y'all place on your ice cream. You can therefore use to register the trade name "A.B.C. Ltd." as a trademark.

Example two: People know your ice cream past the name "Due north Pole", which is what you use to promote your product. Even though the proper noun of your company is "A.B.C. Ltd," no 1 thinks of that name when they think of what y'all sell. In that case, the name "A.B.C. Ltd." is not being used every bit a trademark simply rather as a trade proper name.

Note: A trademark registration may exist cancelled if someone else in Canada has made use of a similar trade proper name or trademark in the past.

Registered trademark vs. unregistered trademark

When you register your trademark, you go the sole right to use the mark across Canada for 10 years. You tin renew your trademark every 10 years after that.

A registered trademark is one that has been entered in the Register of Trademarks. The certificate of registration is directly evidence that you own the trademark.

Yous do not have to register your trademark; by using a trademark for a sure length of time, y'all may have rights nether common law. However, if yous use an unregistered trademark and end upwardly in a dispute, yous could exist looking at a long, expensive legal battle over who has the right to use it. If you neglect to actually use the marking for a long time, your registration may be taken off of the Register of Trademarks, which volition brand it more than hard to prove legal ownership of the trademark.

Read virtually how to register trademarks outside of Canada afterward in this Guide.

What you tin can and cannot register as a trademark

What you tin can register

Y'all can register any trademark that does non contravene the Trademarks Human action. For more detailed information, run across the Trademarks Deed.

What you can't register

Trademarks that are by and large unregistrable include the post-obit:

Names and surnames

A trademark may not exist registered if it is nothing more than a proper name or surname.

An exception is if you tin prove that your appurtenances or services have become well known under the name or surname so that the word has acquired a 2d pregnant in the public mind.

Clearly descriptive marks

You may not register a trademark that clearly describes a characteristic or quality of your goods or services.

For example, the words "sweetness" for ice cream, "juicy" for apples, and "perfectly make clean" for dry-cleaner services could non exist registered every bit trademarks. All apples could be described every bit "juicy" and all water ice foam every bit "sweet"; these are natural characteristics of the items. If you lot were allowed to register these words, no other apple sellers or ice cream vendors could use them to promote their goods, and that would exist unfair. Merely, once again, if you tin can establish that "Sweet Ice Foam" has become then well known that people volition immediately think of your product (and no ane else's) when they read or hear these words, you may be allowed to annals the trademark.

Deceptively misdescriptive marks

You cannot annals a trademark that is deceptively misleading. For case, yous could non register "cane sugar" for candy sweetened with artificial sweetener or "air express" for a courier service that uses footing transportation.

Place of origin

You may not register a trademark that describes the geographical location where the goods or services come from. Allowing you lot to use such place names equally your trademark would mean y'all are the simply one who can use the geographical place name, and that would be unfair to others who merchandise in that place. For example, you could non register "Italy" for lasagna.

Also, you may not register a word that misleads the public into thinking that the goods or services come from a sure place when they do not. For example, you could not register "Paris Fashions" or "Denmark Furniture" equally a trademark for goods or services if they did not come from there.

Words in other languages

You may not register trademarks that are the name, in whatever language, of the goods or services associated with your trademark. For instance, you would not be able to register the discussion "gelato" (Italian for "ice cream") in association with frozen confections; "anorak" (Inuktitut for "parka") in association with outerwear; or "wurst" (German language for "sausage") in clan with meat.

Confusing with a registered or pending trademark

Beware of trademarks that are similar to another trademark that is registered or is the subject of a previously-filed application. If your trademark is confusingly like to a registered trademark or a pending trademark, it will be refused.

Trademark examiners look at many things when they decide whether trademarks are confusing, including:

whether the trademarks look or sound alike and whether they suggest like ideas
whether the trademarks are used to market similar goods or services

Allow's go back to the example of "North Pole" water ice cream. Suppose some other company were manufacturing and selling frozen-h2o products under the registered trademark "South Pole." The public could hands call back that "North Pole" and "South Pole" products are made and sold by the aforementioned company, and may await that the trademarks would exist owned by the same organization. That could mean your application to register "North Pole" would exist turned downwardly because it could cause defoliation with the registered mark "S Pole," which is owned by another company.

For more than information on confusingly similar trademarks, you lot can refer to subsection 6(v) of the Trademarks Act.

Trademarks that are identical to, or likely to exist mistaken for, prohibited marks

You may not register a trademark that is identical or similar to certain official marks unless you have the permission from the organisation that controls the mark. These official marks include:

official government designs (e.g., the Canadian flag)
coats of arms of the Royal Family unit
badges and crests such as those of the Canadian Armed services and the letters RCMP
emblems and names of the Red Cantankerous, the Red Crescent, and the United Nations
armorial bearings (coats of arms), flags and symbols of other countries
symbols of provinces, municipalities and public institutions

Field of study matter that is scandalous, obscene, or immoral is also non immune. For example, your trademark may not include profane language, obscene visuals or racial slurs.

Yous may not utilise portraits and signatures of living people or people who accept died within the final 30 years. For example, using the photograph of an existing rock group to promote your record store is not allowed unless you have their permission.

A few other things yous cannot do

You cannot register a trademark if it consists of a establish variety denomination (when a right is granted to the owner for command over the multiplying and selling of reproductive material for a item constitute diversity) or is a marking then nigh resembling a plant variety denomination that it is probable to be mistaken for it, where the application covers the plant diverseness or another constitute variety of the same species.

You cannot annals a trademark that indicates the geographical origin of a wine, spirit, or agricultural product or nutrient unless your goods are from that geographical expanse. For example, you could not register the trademark "Okanagan Valley" if the wine you are making is from Ontario.

Who can apply for registration?

In social club to be entitled to registration of a trademark, an applicant must be a "person". A "person" may be an individual, partnership, trade wedlock, clan, articulation venture, or corporation. An applicant can include 2 or more persons, for example "John Doe, Jane Smith".

How long does registration final?

Your registration lasts for 10 years from the engagement of registration. You may renew it every 10 years after that for a fee.

How much does an awarding cost?

You must pay an application fee when submitting your awarding for the registration of a trademark.

What to consider before filing an application

This guide will give you the basic information you need to file a trademark application. However, the Registrar cannot write your application for you lot, requite yous legal or business organisation advice, or practise a search of trademarks for you.

Search the Canadian Trademarks Database

A good first step is to practise a search of existing trademarks to check whether your trademark could be confusing with someone else's. You lot practice not have to do this, but it volition help yous know whether like trademarks be. If they do, you could end upward infringing on someone's trademark, which could state you in court.

You can do a search through the Canadian Trademarks Database. The listings encompass trademarks (active and inactive), official marks and prohibited marks. As presently every bit the Registrar receives your application, it too becomes part of the public record.

To do a proper search, you will accept to check for different possible versions of the trademark that you want to register. For a standard character trademark (word or words), you lot should expect for all possible spellings, including in French. For example, if your trademark is "North Pole," you would search for "North", "Nord", and "Pole."

To start your search, visit the Canadian Trademarks Database. Use our tutorial to make the most of your search.

Search trade names

Earlier you lot go whatsoever farther, yous should also search merchandise names. Merchandise names are frequently used every bit trademarks - even if they are not registered.

Example of search merchandise names

The name of your visitor is "North Pole." A company called "Southward Pole" has never filed for trademark registration. Withal, if the proper name "South Pole" has get known for frozen-h2o products, the visitor could argue that information technology has rights in the name "South Pole" every bit a trade name and besides as a trademark.

The Registrar would non have the name "South Pole" in its trademark records because it does not register trade names. "South Pole", however, could easily notice out that yous are using "North Pole", either by doing a search of the Registrar's records or by seeing your application published in the Trademarks Periodical on the website of the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. "South Pole" may so challenge your application during the opposition stage in the registration process.

Delight note that trade names can exist recorded separately in each province under provincial legislation. Therefore, at that place is no unmarried, complete list of trade names in Canada.

Since searching trade names can exist quite complex, nosotros propose that you hire a trademark agent to exercise the work for you.

Consider hiring a registered trademark agent

Preparing and following through on your trademark awarding can be a complex process. Whoever does it needs a lot of noesis nearly trademark police force and how the Registrar'southward office works.

Beware of unregistered trademark agents! They are non authorized to stand for applicants in the prosecution of trademarks applications.

A trademark agent will make sure that your application is properly written and so that your trademark will be protected. This is peculiarly important if someone challenges your right to the trademark. You do non take to hire an agent just it is often advisable to practice and so.

Once you have an agent, the Registrar will represent with that person. If you lot cancel that arrangement, the Office will then correspond with you directly. Y'all may change trademark agents or choose to no longer take one at whatsoever time.

Consult the list of registered trademark agents should you wish to hire a registered trademark agent to handle your file.

2. Filing a trademark application

Preparing a trademark application

A complete application includes:

the proper name and mailing address of the bidder
a representation or clarification, or both, of the trademark
a statement in specific and ordinary commercial terms of the goods and services associated with the trademark
the statement of goods and services grouped according to the Nice Classification
the application fee
any other requirements specific to the blazon of trademark sought to exist registered

Yous must file a divide application for each trademark that yous wish to register. Nonetheless, one application tin can comprehend a number of goods or services for a given trademark.

Representation or description

Your application must include a representation or description, or both, of the trademark which clearly indicates what is being sought for registration.

The representation may contain more than 1 view of the trademark if multiple views are necessary for the trademark to be clearly defined. In addition, the representation must not exceed 8cmx8cm in size.

For colour trademarks or trademarks that are claiming colour(s) equally a feature, representations must exist submitted in colour, forth with a description of the colour(s) and where they announced in the trademark.

For sound and moving epitome trademarks, an electronic representation and a clarification of the trademark is required.

For more information on the representation and description requirements for non-traditional trademarks, please refer to the Do observe on not-traditional trademarks.

Notation: If y'all wish to keep your trademark registered, you must annals your trademark the way you lot will use it. In other words, you lot must not change it in any way, including changing the color as you described information technology in your application.

Application fees

When yous transport us an awarding to register a trademark, you must pay the awarding fee. The fee is made up of the base of operations fee which includes ane course of goods or services and another fee for each boosted class of goods or services.

You tin can pay by credit card (VISA, MasterCard, or American Express), direct payment, postal money order or cheque (postal money orders and cheques must exist made payable, in Canadian dollars, to the Receiver General for Canada). Do not add federal and provincial taxes.

Filing your application

You may file your awarding and pay the fee online or you may transport your finished application with your payment by mail service.

Filing appointment

Once the Registrar has received your awarding, staff will review information technology to make sure information technology is complete. If anything is missing, nosotros will contact you to ask for more than information. Once this process is finished, we will acknowledge that we accept received your application and give information technology a filing date - that is, the date on which your application met all the filing requirements. This filing appointment is of import since it is the engagement used to assess who is entitled to registration in the case of defoliation between co-pending trademarks.

You may change your application in some ways afterwards you accept filed it. However, non all changes are adequate. Sure changes will mean you have to file a new awarding.

The test procedure

After the Part receives your awarding and grants it a filing date, we:

search the trademark database to find whatsoever registered or pending trademark that is confusing with your trademark (if nosotros detect 1, we will inform you)
examine the application to brand sure it does non contravene the Trademarks Act and Regulations, raise any objection to registering your trademark and inform you of whatever outstanding requirements
publish the awarding in the Trademarks Journal afterwards which the public may file an opposition (challenge) to your application
register your trademark if no 1 opposes to your application (or if an opposition has been decided in your favour)

Examiners do a thorough search of the trademarks database to brand sure that your trademark does not disharmonize with one already filed or registered.

Examination

The examiner assigned to your file reviews the search results, determines if the trademark is registrable, and decides whether your application can exist approved for advertisement. The examiner will let you or your agent know of whatever objections, if there are whatsoever. You then have a chance to respond. If your answers do non satisfy the examiner, you will go a letter explaining that your application has been refused and telling you why. If you lot receive a refusal, you have the right to appeal to the Federal Court of Canada.

Note: There is no special grade for responding to an examiner's report unless yous are asked to ship a revised awarding.

Pre-publication search

Before a trademark is advertised in the Trademarks Journal, the examiner performs second search (a pre-publication search) to brand sure that no one has recently registered or applied for a trademark that would conflict with the one you want to register. If there is a disharmonize, the Registrar will tell you or your agent and ask for your comments.

Publication

If the pre-publication search does not show any new disruptive trademarks, nosotros will advertise the application in the Trademarks Journal published on our website every Wednesday. The Periodical is the official publication that lists every application that has been approved for advertisement in Canada. It gives information well-nigh an application, including the name and address of the bidder, the file number, the filing date, the trademark, and the associated goods and services. By ad applications, we give others a chance to object to them before they are registered.

Opposition

Whatever person can oppose a trademark awarding advertised in the Trademarks Journal . The person must file either a statement of opposition or a request asking for more fourth dimension to oppose within two months of the advertizing. The proper fee must exist sent with the argument of opposition or the request for more time. The Registrar volition non permit any opposition that we consider to be frivolous.

If your application is opposed and you exercise not already have an amanuensis, we urge you to hire i at this betoken. The same is true if you wish to oppose someone else's awarding. You can find a list of agents here.

Opposition is a complex and ofttimes long process. Opposition proceedings are adversarial in nature and like to court proceedings. Both parties may file evidence and written representations, cantankerous-examine the evidence of the other party, and appear at an oral hearing. Later a final decision is made, it may be appealed to the Federal Court of Canada.

For more information, visit the Trademarks Opposition Board (TMOB) web pages on opposition proceedings or contact u.s..

Registration

If in that location is no opposition, or if an opposition has been decided in your favour, the Registrar will register your application and will not look at any further challenges. The Registrar will send yous a certificate of registration and enter the trademark in the Register of Trademarks.

Abandonment

If you do non respond to an examiner'due south report, the Registrar may consider your awarding to exist abandoned. Before this happens, the Registrar volition notify you and give y'all a take a chance to correct the situation within a specific fourth dimension catamenia. If you lot do not respond within that fourth dimension, y'all will have to file a new application (along with another fee).

Notation: If you exercise non notify the Registrar of a change of address, the Registrar is not responsible for any correspondence that you or your agent practise not receive.

Communicating with the Function of the Registrar of Trademarks

Business concern with the Office of the Registrar of Trademarks is normally done in writing. All paper correspondence should be addressed to:

Function of the Registrar of Trademarks
Canadian Intellectual Property Office
Innovation, Science and Economic Evolution Canada
Place du Portage I
l Victoria Street, Room C114
Gatineau QC K1A 0C9

Fax: 819-953-CIPO (2476)

Correspondence near opposition or summary expungement (section 45 of the Trademarks Human action) must exist clearly marked "Attending Opposition Lath" or "Attention: Section 45 Proceedings", depending on the contents of the letter, and addressed to:

Trademarks Opposition Lath
Canadian Intellectual Property Office
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
Place du Portage I
fifty Victoria Street
Gatineau QC K1A 0C9

Fax: 819-953-CIPO (2476)

For more information, please consult CIPO's correspondence procedures.

If you are asking about the condition of your application and it has non yet been given to an examiner, you lot should contact the Client Service Centre. If your awarding has been given to an examiner, please use the contact number on the report sent to you by that examiner.

The Registrar will respond to all questions, but cannot:

search the Canadian Trademarks Database for yous
submit documents for registering transfers of buying
give you legal advice, other than telling you about the Trademarks Deed, the Trademarks Regulations, and other information that you lot can get on our website

To find out the status of active opposition or summary expungement files, delight run across the Canadian Trademarks Database.

Electronic services

You can use our electronic services to:

file a trademark application
file an amended trademark application
group the goods and services of a registration according to the classes of the Squeamish Nomenclature system
renew a trademark registration
request copies of trademark documents

You can use the TMOB'south online web application to:

Opposition proceedings

file a statement of opposition
file a counter statement
submit the opponent'due south show, or statement
submit the applicant'due south show, or statement
submit the opponent's reply testify
submit the opponent's written representations, or statement
submit the bidder's written representations, or statement
request a hearing
request an extension of fourth dimension

Department 45 proceedings

request a section 45 notice
submit the registered owner's evidence, or statement
submit the requesting political party'south written representations, or statement
submit the registered owner'due south written representations, or statement
request a hearing
asking an extension of fourth dimension

three. Registering a trademark outside Canada

Registering your trademark with the Registrar protects your rights in Canada merely. If y'all wish to market place goods or services in other countries, you should think about getting trademark registration(s) in that location every bit well. For more data, delight refer to the International Trademarks under the Madrid Protocol or contact a trademark amanuensis.

four. Expungement of a trademark registration

When someone registers a trademark, they proceeds a very valuable right. Nevertheless, they can lose that right (expungement, or removal, from the Annals of Trademarks) unless they behave out specific responsibilities. A trademark registration tin be expunged for several reasons, including: the trademark losing its distinctiveness, abandonment of the trademark, and non-use of the trademark.

Please contact CIPO's Client Service Middle if you demand more data.

5. Renewal fee

To maintain your trademark registration, yous are required to pay a renewal fee every 10 years. If you do not, your trademark will be expunged from the Register of Trademarks. The Registrar will send you a notice with information about your payment deadline.

six. Use in Canada (department 45 proceedings)

Another of your responsibilities as the possessor of a trademark is to use the trademark in Canada. If you do not employ it, the registration could be expunged from the Register of Trademarks by the Registrar. The Registrar could start summary expungement proceedings, later on three years first on the day on which a trademark is registered, either on their own at any time during the life of the registration, or if another party pays the proper fee and asks them to.

The procedure begins when the Registrar sends a notice to the registered owner asking them to provide evidence showing that the trademark has been used in Canada during the last three years or to bear witness that there are special circumstances that alibi the fact that the trademark has not been used. If the owner fails to reply to the Registrar, the trademark is liable to exist expunged from the Register of Trademarks.

Once the Registrar has received the requested evidence, the owner and the other party can send in written arguments and besides announced at an oral hearing. After the Registrar has made a last decision to expunge, ameliorate or maintain the registration, the owner or other party can appeal to the Federal Court of Canada.

The procedure we have outlined hither is circuitous. Nosotros recommend that you use a registered trademarks amanuensis to assistance y'all through it.

For more information, visit our web page on section 45 proceedings or contact us.

7. Transfers

A trademark is a form of property. You tin can sell, bestow or transfer your rights to someone else through an assignment. To avoid ownership disagreements, you should formally tell the Registrar about changes in ownership.

You should too tell the Registrar about annihilation else that affects the ownership a trademark, such equally a modify of name or a business organisation merger.

8. Marking requirements

In that location is no legal requirement to mark your trademark with whatever particular symbol. Nonetheless, many owners employ the following symbols to show that their trademark is registered:

R (registered)
TM (trademark)
SM (service mark)
MC (marque de commerce)

ix. Policing your trademark

It is upwards to y'all to make sure nobody is using your trademark without your permission and to have activity if someone does. You may wish to take action if you come across a trademark or a trade name that could be confused with your registered trademark, as you do not desire anyone imitating your trademark.

There is a skillful reason for this, beyond simply the imitation. If your business concern is successful and someone imitates your trademark, it may exist in danger of becoming a generic term. For case, if consumers offset saying "North Pole" when they mean any ice cream, in the same mode that the trademark "zipper" is at present what virtually everyone says when they mean "slide fastener", the rights in your trademark may no longer be enforceable.

10. Mutual errors

Before yous file your trademark application, take some fourth dimension to go through the following checklist. The fewer errors you make, the more rapidly your application volition get through.

Fee

Remember that each application must be accompanied by an awarding fee (non-refundable).

Note: Yous tin can pay past credit card (VISA, MasterCard, or American Express), directly payment, postal money order or cheque (the postal money order or cheque must be made payable, in Canadian dollars, to the Receiver General for Canada). Do not add federal and provincial taxes.

Goods or services

You may not use a trademark registered by someone else to depict your goods or services. Many registered trademarks have go role of everyday language, but y'all cannot use them to describe your goods or services. A few examples are "yo-yo," "chimera wrap," and "kleenex".

Brand sure that you include all the goods or services with which you programme to use, or have used, your trademark, and that they are grouped according to the classes of the Dainty Nomenclature. You lot may not expand the scope of appurtenances or services after you have filed the application.

The Trademarks Human activity states that the description of the appurtenances or services yous are applying for must exist in specific and ordinary commercial terms. In other words, your awarding should apply common names for the goods and services and use wording that is as complete and as specific every bit possible (eastward.g., shirts, bread, sofas, etc.). To help you with this, the Goods and Services Transmission list acceptable wording for many appurtenances and services. It also gives guidelines for how to place goods and services not listed.

11. Example of a trademark awarding

To the Registrar of Trademarks, Gatineau, Canada.

The applicant, DEF Inc., whose full postal service office address of its principal office or place of business is 456 Number Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, D4E 5F6, applies for the registration of the trademark identified below.

The trademark is a pattern, the representation of which is shown beneath:

Representation of a trademark design

Statement of goods and services

Class 25

Blouses, sweaters, pants, skirts, socks, underwear and pyjamas.

Class 35

Performance of an online retail wear store; operation of an online retail jewellery store.

Boosted Data

Websites of interest

The post-obit are a few websites you may find helpful.

General interest

Innovation, Science and Economical Development Canada

The Canadian Intellectual Property Office, which includes the Trademarks Function, is a special operating bureau of Innovation, Scientific discipline and Economic Development Canada.

Corporations Canada

Helps Canadians incorporate, maintain and operate businesses, not-for-turn a profit corporations, and other corporate entities.

Canada Business Network

This is a single access point for federal and provincial/territorial government services, programs and regulatory requirements for businesses.

Institute Breeders' Rights Office (Canadian Nutrient Inspection Bureau)

This part oversees the Plant Breeders' Rights Act and Plant Breeders' Rights Regulations, which protect the legal right of plant breeders for their new establish varieties.

Intellectual property

Canadian Trademarks Database

This is a searchable database of all active and inactive trademark applications and registrations in Canada. Information technology also shows the condition of all agile opposition and summary expungement (section 45) cases.

Trademarks Opposition Lath

Oversees and provides information virtually trademark opposition and summary expungement proceedings (department 45 proceedings) in Canada.

WIPO Intellectual Holding Digital Library

Provides access to intellectual property data collections hosted by the World Intellectual Property System (WIPO).

U.s.a. Patent and Trademark Role—English content only

Processes patent and trademark applications and provides information, resources and services for trademarks and their registration in the United States of America.

Related acts and example police force

Related acts and case police force

Precious Metals Marking Human activity

Sets out the rules for using quality marks for precious metals. This helps prevent the registration of trademarks that may exist misread as quality marks.

Bank Act

Regulates Canada's chartered banks, and restricts the use of the term "banking services" in order to preclude unauthorized use of this term.

Canada Post Corporation Act

Regulates mail service in Canada and prohibits unauthorized use of words such as "mail", "letter of the alphabet", and "postal service" and the unauthorized auction of postage stamp stamps.

Federal Court of Canada

Provides a searchable database of all decisions made by the judges of the Federal Court and the Federal Court of Entreatment.

Supreme Courtroom of Canada

Provides a searchable database of all decisions made by the Supreme Court of Canada.

Source: https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/cipointernet-internetopic.nsf/eng/h_wr02360.html

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